Review: Suicide by Édouard Levé

“This was perhaps what you feared: to become inert in a body that still breathes, drinks, and feeds itself. To commit suicide in slow motion.”

“One Saturday in the month of August, you leave your home wearing your tennis gear, accompanied by your wife. In the middle of the garden you point out to her that you’ve forgotten your racket in the house. You go back to look for it, but instead of making your way toward the cupboard in the entryway where you normally keep it, you head down into the basement. Your wife doesn’t notice this. She stays outside. The weather is fine. She’s making the most of the sun. A few moments later she hears a gunshot. She rushes into the house, cries out your name, notices that the door to the stairway leading to the basement is open, goes down, and finds you there. You’ve put a bullet in your head with the rifle you had carefully prepared. On the table, you left a comic book open to a double-page spread. In the heat of the moment, your wife leans on the table; the book falls closed before she understands that this was your final message.”

You have to have the emotional maturity to cope with what you are reading, because straight from the start, Édouard Levé’s book, Suicide, begins with death.

The book has been compared to pornography since its mystique lies in the lurid promise of secret details. While sex contains the secret of new life, Suicide holds the secret of death. Just like pornography asks and answers forbidden questions about sex, Suicide goes on to answer questions about death.

If you were reading this with a sadomasochistic hope that this book is a graphic retelling of one character’s steps in their act of death, you will be disappointed. The book is less about the final act of suicide than it is about how someone reaches that point. Levé addresses “you” throughout the book, making it an introspective look into your deepest darkest secret.

Levé’s seems haunted by the fact that suicide is the magnum opus of a person’s life, “I’ve never heard a single person, since your death, tell your life story starting at the beginning. Your suicide has become the foundational act.” Levé seems to draw power away from the final act by starting his book with it, making your slow decline the real story.

Emptiness

Depression is not beautiful – just the opposite- but this book is. Levé describes depression in such a way that is so articulate and clear that it is like looking in a deep lake and seeing the bottom for the first time.

The vignette that Levé gives us is disjointed, but somehow it adds greater clarity. The book is a frantic piecing together of the greater question of “why?” Because it is so non-linear it seems all the more realistic. Ultimately the whole story is there.

It is all there: the lack of motivation; the sudden manias; the inability to focus; the need to sleep all the time; the inability to sleep; the desire for people; the need to be alone; the need for activity; the overwhelming inability to do anything; the acute awareness of your own existence and sentience; the confusion; and the questions.

In what Levé says and doesn’t say, he captures the essence of depression and the utter hopelessness of the situation:

“You imagined scenes in which someone tried to cheer you up… The repulsion that then took hold of you did not come from your rejection of this well-meaning woman, nor from the nature of the supposed objects of joy that she would show you, but from the fact that the desire to live could not be dictated to you. You could not be happy on command, whether the order was given by you or by someone else. The moments of happiness you knew came unbidden. You could understand their sources, but you could not reproduce them.”

Feeling Seen

This whole book comes from the view of a strangely personal yet impersonal “I”. Somehow “I” is a proxy to these very intimate core memories and yet has no real reason for knowing. There are many interpretations of why this is, but in my own opinion it stems from being understood.

“You” is stuck in a cycle of being aware of his cognitive impairments, and yet completely unable to do anything about it. His wife, his friends, and his doctor are there to help interpret some of these feelings, but “You” is stuck. One passage seems to sum it up nicely:

“Regrets? You had some for causing the sadness of those who cried for you, for the love they felt for you, and which you had returned. You had some for the solitude in which you left your wife, and for the emptiness your loved ones would experience. But these regrets you felt merely in anticipation. They would disappear along with you: your survivors would be alone in carrying the pain of your death. This selfishness of your suicide displeased you. But, all things considered, the lull of death won out over life’s painful commotion.”

We had seen throughout the rest of the book that there is no escape. Although he feels regret, he is already living death. The pain, the sadness, the solitude, and the emptiness are just the reality of his existence. By committing suicide he merely passes these expressions on to those he loves and gives it purpose.

That is the worst part of this entire novella; there is no answer to “why?”

“Your” decision to commit suicide is the most logical but also the most irrational course of action. You can fully comprehend what is going on in your mind but you can’t escape the torture. Depression is articulate and it commands your entire body with alarming dexterity. You even know it does, but you can’t do anything about it. Death should never be the solution, and yet for someone who suffers from depression, it is a valid thought process. How else can you escape from yourself?

I think Levé uses “You” so that this whole process is humanized. Someone does understand. “I” is there silently watching that struggle and is there to hold your hand through it. “I” won’t let you down because they know you are fighting yourself. They are the silent mediator in the fight against yourself and “I” is always rooting for the side that wants to live. They want you to live, not just in the physical sense but in the fullest sense of the word; free from depression.

This is where I finally tell you that Levé committed suicide ten days after delivering this manuscript.

It is impossible not to see this as a final suicide note, but I don’t think that it necessarily has to either. I think Jena Salon in her BOMB article articulates this more fully:

I see Levé’s game insisting on yet another twist. Writers know that upon their deaths everything, all their works, will be drilled for secrets, keys to their minds, clues to their souls. Even when writers are alive readers often assume that a work of fiction has more fact in it than it does. So Levé had to know that people would read this last work as autobiographical. He was daring them with the title, almost, not to. Maybe what he was saying was: I’m calling it Suicide, but what you find inside won’t be what you’re looking for. Maybe he, like “you” is saying, “How beautiful the words [a]re if they [a]re only half understood.”

I don’t think that anyone who commits suicide really wants to die, they just want their situation to end. I think Levé just wanted to be interpreted not just as the author who committed suicide, but as the author who understood.

Thoughts on Dying

Trigger Warning: This blog talks about suicide in depth. If you or a loved one is experiencing suicidal thoughts, please call or text the Suicide Crisis hotline toll-free at 988.

Sometimes people affirm your deepest fears.

“You have no reason to be this sad.” “Keep it to yourself.” “Isn’t our love for you enough?” “You can do it by yourself- I believe you can.” “You should write all of this down.” “Here’s a book on how to be happy and stop apologizing.”

The intentions may be good, but these comments are haunting. They only confirm that what you are feeling is irrational. That feeling of shame lingers and is exacerbated. You feel like expressing your emotions is no longer acceptable and that private ideation is healthy behavior.

The words people say become a hammer in your mind. You think everything you are doing is wrong, you’re the burden you believed yourself to be, and the only real means of escape is retreating deeper into yourself. So you do retreat deeper into yourself.

Every waking day you feel like you are covered in a grey slime that inhibits you from emoting. Pain becomes a friend.

Death looks more and more like the answer.

Valley of the Shadow of Death

Growing up Catholic, we are taught that suicide is one of the ultimate sins. It was a cruel irony. As much as you did not want to live, your final act of ending your life is what would damn you for eternity. As painful as living is, the only consolation you have is that life is temporary.

The funny thing about Christianity is that we are taught that death is our final good. St. Therese even said, “The world is thy ship and not thy home.” We are taught to long for our final end but not precipitate it.

As a Catholic girl, I knew that suicide was never a true option, but it didn’t stop me from thinking about it. I dreamt about the various modes I could kill myself, and when I was awake, I thought about dreaming. It wasn’t always as graphic as that; sometimes I would dream of falling asleep and never waking up. The thought of never waking up was comforting because then you could finally attain happiness in heaven. But, day after day of waking, sometimes it is easier to think of ending it all.

We are surrounded by media that is very open about violence, so it isn’t a stretch of the imagination to dwell on potential ends. Even Christian media has stories about martyrs and graphic ways saints abused themselves. We think about how we can take and transform our suffering. If death isn’t an option then maybe the pain is.

Penance is a good and holy act but it is easy to abuse it. Wearing a tight cord or not eating wasn’t necessarily a way to purify myself or to offer up for others, it was a way to jolt my senses. I can understand why people would self-harm.

I don’t think that people understand how depression deprives you of happiness. There are glimmers of happiness, but you can’t retain them. I could feel anxious, depressed, in pain, or self-loathing so I baptized myself daily in my own negativity and pain to jolt myself from nothingness. Otherwise, you just stare into a void that tells you that death is the only answer.

If you tell anyone this, you are seen as despairing and faithless.

It Isn’t Failure

There has long been a stigma surrounding mental illness, particularly among those Christians who insist that depression is a sign of faithlessness. Such beliefs are both untrue and dangerous. Depression is not weakness. Wanting to die is not a personal or spiritual failure, but rather a sign that something is wrong.

Suicidal thoughts do not make you evil or any less worthy of love.

Although the conversation has opened up, mental illness still is a taboo topic. It is a common misconception that “normal” people did not struggle with mental illness and that people who were mentally ill were confined to mental asylums or languished away. History has slowly begun to strip away this misconception as we learn that famous figures such as Abraham Lincoln, Sigmund Freud, Isaac Newton, Leo Tolstoy, and Ludwig von Beethoven all struggled with mental illness.

If mental illness doesn’t prohibit genius, then why should it prohibit holiness?

Aleteia published an article about saints who struggled with suicide. As they stated, “mental illness does not mean a lack of holiness, as these saints’ lives richly attest.” The fact that these saints struggled against suicide is not a strike against them or in any way mitigate their holiness. “These saints remind us that mental illness is not the result of an inadequate prayer life or a failure to trust God, and that despair is not a sin when it’s the result of mental illness (or when it’s a temptation that we struggle mightily against).”

Seek Help

There is no shame in your depression. Your suicidal thoughts do not define you or the trajectory that your life may lead. Although you may feel helpless and alone, that could not be further from the truth.

If you or someone you know is having suicidal thoughts, it is important to get professional mental health support. There are people ready to help you at any time of day. 

  • If you feel unsafe right now or want someone to talk to, text or call 988 or use the chat function at 988lifeline.org.
  • If this is a medical emergency or there is immediate danger of harm, call 911 and explain that you need support for a mental health crisis.

Passing thoughts of suicide can get worse if they are not addressed. If you are struggling with any suicidal feelings or behaviors, it is time to reach out for support.

The Garden of Gethsemane

Although the church and people may seemingly fail us at our darkest hour, we have a God who sits with us through the pain. As Hagar said in the old testament, “You are the God that sees me”.

We have all heard the story of footprints in the sand. While it may be comforting to some, it may seem too sentimental to make a real impact. Fortunately, we have a God who is more complex and more hardcore than someone who carries us along the beach. As it says in Hebrews 4:15, “He has truly been made one of us, like us in all things except sin”, which means he felt the same pain, the overwhelming hopelessness, the desire to end it all, that we feel too.

In the Garden of Gethsemane, Christ sweats blood. He who had always done the Father’s will, prays to God, “Let this chalice pass from me.” His disciples cannot stay awake even for an hour, leaving their master to suffer alone at eve of his darkest hour. There is no one to comfort him, and unthinkably, God seems to abandon his only son.

There are no platitudes of how his suffering will all be worth it. The people who say have his back abandon him. He is unjustly attacked and abused.

At this level of despair and understanding, God sits with us.

You are not alone.

The Garret Ghost

The man who lived bat-like life in hidden rooms and the woman he loved.

Image Courtesy of Murderpedia

Would you love a woman enough to live in her attic?

In 1914, Mr. and Mrs. Oesterreich moved into the fine brick mansion pictured above on 593 Newport Avenue in Milwaukee. Walburga ‘Dolly’ Oesterreich was a housewife in her early thirties, and her husband Fred Oesterreich was the successful owner of a local apron factory. It was a lovely home including a nice attic with a stairway, plastered walls, and hardwood floors.

The common view from the street was that the Oesterreich’s lived a fairly common existence. Although Dolly and Fred had a normal marriage, Fred worked long hours at the apron factory and drank heavily off the clock. Dolly did not feel certain needs were being met, so it was no surprise that Dolly found comfort elsewhere.

17-year-old Otto Sanhuber came to the Oesterreich’s home one warm autumn day in 1913. Fred Oesterreich sent him from the apron factory to fix Dolly’s sewing machine. Although the job seemed fairly innocuous, when the young Sanhuber knocked on his employer’s front door, he was greeted by a voluptuous Dolly, who was wearing only a robe, heavy perfume, and a pair of stockings. We can only imagine that 26-year-old Dolly had hoped her husband would send over Sanhuber, whom she noticed at the factory.

Just like that, a tumultuous affair began.

At first, it ran like any other affair. Otto would sneak over to the Oesterreich’s house when Fred wasn’t home, meet at Otto’s boarding house, or the pair would rent a hotel room. Eventually, neighbors began to grow suspicious and alerted Fred. Dolly vowed to end the relationship. Dolly and Otto had to think quickly to cover up any ongoing affair.

Picture of Mrs. Oesterreich and Otto Sanhuber
Images courtesy of Vintage Everyday

The Affair Continues

I feel as though many adults at this point in time would reevaluate their relationship. Dolly took this a step further.

Dolly suggested to Otto that he quit his job and secretly move into the Oesterreichs’ upstairs attic. Not only would this put him in closer proximity to Dolly, she reasoned, but it would also allow Otto to pursue his dream of writing pulp fiction undisturbed. Surprisingly, Otto agreed to the arrangement. Sanhuber had virtually no family to speak of, so when he moved into the attic, no one noticed. Sanhuber rarely left the attic.

The attic where Otto lived contained little more than a cot, a bucket, and books. Sanhuber rarely left the attic and would later describe himself as Dolly’s “sex slave”. The Los Angeles Times reported, “At night, he read mysteries by candlelight and wrote stories of adventure and lust. By day he made love to Dolly Oesterreich, helped her keep house, and made bathtub gin.”

According to the Milwaukee Magazine:

Fred sensed something strange was happening in the house, but he could not put his finger on what kept him feeling unsettled. He was baffled by the disappearance of food in the icebox, and the mysterious noises coming from the attic. Dolly reassured Fred that nothing was amiss, convincing him it was just his overactive imagination, made worse by his overindulgence in alcohol and too much workplace stress.

This would go on for five years, until 1918.

New House, No Problem

Image Courtesy of Calisphere

In 1918, the Oesterreiches moved to Lafayette Park Place in Los Angeles.

One would assume that this would have been a natural breaking point in Dolly and Otto’s affair, but Dolly did not seem to think so. Dolly agreed to move, as long as their new house had an attic. Although attics aren’t very common in Los Angeles, Fred agreed and purchased a house overlooking Sunset Boulevard.

Before the Oesterreiches moved in, Sanhuber slipped into his attic hiding place.

Murder

In Los Angeles, the Oesterreichs’ marriage began to deteriorate further. Fred drank more than he did in Milwaukee and the couples arguments began to escalate more and more towards violence. This would all reach a head on August 22, 1922.

The exact details of that night vary, but a few key details remain the same. Fred and Dolly were engaged in a particularly heated argument that prompted Sanhuber to emerge from his attic hideaway. We don’t know if Fred had time to react to this stunning revelation or if he responded with violence. We do know that he was shot three times with Otto Sanhuber’s .25 caliber pistol, once to the head and two shots to the chest.

We don’t know if Dolly felt any remorse, but we do know that she thought fast on her feet. The pair decided to stage the crime scene so that it appeared that unknown intruders broke into the house, murdered Fred, and then stole the expensive watch from his wrist.

Otto then proceeded to lock Dolly into a second-floor closet, locking her in from the outside. Dolly then screamed until neighbors notified the police. She would later claim to police that she was pushed into the closet as she was hanging her coat up. LAPD was suspicious of Dolly from the outset but they had no evidence to accuse her of murdering her husband. So, Dolly walked free and inherited her husband’s millions.

Eight Years…

Image Courtesy of AtlasObscura

You would think at this point that Otto would be entirely free to leave his attic abode, but you would be mistaken. Dolly purchased a new home with a spacious attic, and Sanhuber moved in. Their relationship continued on much as it had before.

In addition to her continued sexual exploits with Sanhuber, Dolly started dating her lawyer, Herman Shapiro. This would finally set in motion a series of mistakes that would bring this whole sordid story into the public eye.

Dolly gave Herman the diamond watch that had supposedly been stolen during the “robbery.” Herman recognized the watch as Frank’s but Dolly explained that she had found it under a seat cushion and saw no need to tell the police. According to the LA Times, that evening Dolly asked a third lover, Roy Klumb, to dispose of the murder weapons in the La Brea tar pits.

Klumb would confess to police in 1923, and Dolly would be taken into custody. Although the LAPD had a strong reason to suspect Dolly, they had no way of explaining how she had locked herself in the closet. They were forced to drop the charges and release her from custody.

During the time she was in police custody, Dolly made her final damning mistake. She asked Shapiro to bring food to her attic-dwelling “vagabond half-brother” while she was in prison. Shapiro was shocked to hide Sanhuber who, excited to have someone to talk to, regaled the lawyer with tales of his sexual exploits. Shapiro kicked Sanhuber out of the attic and the terrified young man fled to Canada.

Instead of going to the police immediately, Shapiro waited until 1930 after his relationship with Dolly had ended to confess about the “bat-man in the attic”. At this time, Sanhuber had returned to Los Angeles so the pair were arrested and stood trial. Although Sanhuber was found guilty of manslaughter, the statute of limitation for murder was seven years. Otto walked free.

Dolly never faced any charges for her crime.

The Whole Affair

There isn’t a satisfying conclusion to the story. Sanhuber left Los Angeles after his trial and disappeared. No doubt he wanted to alienate himself from the entire affair and his years of silently living in Dolly’s attic made him equipped to avoid public notice. You can’t help but feel a little sorry for him. It would be quite easy to blame the whole situation on the older Dolly, who seems to be a femme fatal.

Dolly went on to start a new love affair, remarried, and died in 1961.

There really isn’t a moral to be learned from this story, but there are a lot of questions. Did Dolly truly have that much charm to lure younger men? Why would Sanhuber willing live for a decade in his lover’s attic? Was it Stockholm syndrome? Was it love?

One thing is for sure, truth is sometimes stranger than fiction.

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